Soda Politics: Taking on Big Soda (and Winning), by Dr. Marion Nestle
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Sodas are astonishing products. Little more than flavored sugar-water, these drinks cost practically nothing to produce or buy, yet have turned their makers--principally Coca-Cola and PepsiCo--into a multibillion-dollar industry with global recognition, distribution, and political power. Billed as "refreshing," "tasty," "crisp," and "the real thing," sodas also happen to be so well established to contribute to poor dental hygiene, higher calorie intake, obesity, and type-2 diabetes that the first line of defense against any of these conditions is to simply stop drinking them. Habitually drinking large volumes of soda not only harms individual health, but also burdens societies with runaway healthcare costs.
So how did products containing absurdly inexpensive ingredients become multibillion dollar industries and international brand icons, while also having a devastating impact on public health?
In Soda Politics, the 2016 James Beard Award for Writing & Literature Winner, Dr. Marion Nestle answers this question by detailing all of the ways that the soft drink industry works overtime to make drinking soda as common and accepted as drinking water, for adults and children. Dr. Nestle, a renowned food and nutrition policy expert and public health advocate, shows how sodas are principally miracles of advertising; Coca-Cola and PepsiCo spend billions of dollars each year to promote their sale to children, minorities, and low-income populations, in developing as well as industrialized nations. And once they have stimulated that demand, they leave no stone unturned to protect profits. That includes lobbying to prevent any measures that would discourage soda sales, strategically donating money to health organizations and researchers who can make the science about sodas appear confusing, and engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities to create goodwill and silence critics. Soda Politics follows the money trail wherever it leads, revealing how hard Big Soda works to sell as much of their products as possible to an increasingly obese world.
But Soda Politics does more than just diagnose a problem--it encourages readers to help find solutions. From Berkeley to Mexico City and beyond, advocates are successfully countering the relentless marketing, promotion, and political protection of sugary drinks. And their actions are having an impact - for all of the hardball and softball tactics the soft drink industry employs to maintain the status quo, soda consumption has been flat or falling for years. Health advocacy campaigns are now the single greatest threat to soda companies' profits. Soda Politics provides readers with the tools they need to keep up pressure on Big Soda in order to build healthier and more sustainable food systems.
- Sales Rank: #100167 in eBooks
- Published on: 2015-09-07
- Released on: 2015-09-07
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
2016 James Beard Award for Writing & Literature Winner
"The soda industry is a powerful economic operator. Economic power readily translates into political power. Soda Politics is exactly the kind of carefully-researched investigative reporting needed to open the eyes of the public and parliamentarians to the health hazards of what is, as the author rightly notes, essentially liquid candy in a bottle." --Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General, World Health Organization
"Long recognized as an important and informed voice in our national and international discussions on nutrition and health, Marion Nestle has written another book that will keep us talking. With an impressive combination of scholarship and advocacy, Dr. Nestle takes an unflinching look at the soda industry, its products and the impact on health. Soda Politics deserves the attention of the public and policy makers, and should make us all think more carefully about choices we can make to improve health and well-being." --Margaret Hamburg, M.D., Former Commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
"Marion Nestle is one of the greatest muckrakers of our time, and what she does is vitally important-for our health, our environment, and for future generations. Here, she wages war against the soda titans with such piercing clarity and so many irrefutable truths that all other arguments crumble." --Alice Waters, Founder and Proprietor of Chez Panisse
"Comprehensive and well-written, this book will help frame a thoughtful public policy debate about nutrition and the societal impacts and costs of obesity." --Ann M. Veneman, Former US Secretary of Agriculture and Former Executive Director of UNICEF
"What happens when the food industry's most insightful critic turns her sights on soda? This razor-sharp, fun to read, plan-of-battle for one of the greatest public health fights of our time. Big soda may have all the money, but those who would enter this fray, as we all should, now have their champion." --Michael Moss, Author of Salt Sugar Fat: How the Food Giants Hooked Us
"For decades, soda companies have amassed fortunes off drinks that are making us sick. It took someone like Marion Nestle to cut through the spin and uncover the high cost of cheap sodas." --Robert Kenner, Director/Producer, Food Inc. and Merchants of Doubt
"No book in history has so completely laid bare the soda scourge that touches every corner of the world. Marion Nestle shows how this happened, its impact on human health and well-being, who the players are, and, most importantly, what might be done. This is the right book at the right time." --Dr. Kelly Brownell, Dean, Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University
"An outstanding manual for health educators, activists, and anyone seeking information about the soda industry and its impact on health." - Library Journal
"If you have been exhausted by the flip-flop of Brexit politics in recent weeks, Soda Politics offers a refreshing break - a great read for dietitians." -NHDmag
About the Author
Dr. Marion Nestle is Paulette Goddard Professor in the Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health and Professor of Sociology at New York University. Her degrees include a Ph.D. in molecular biology and an M.P.H. in public health nutrition, both from the University of California, Berkeley. From 1986-88, she was senior nutrition policy advisor in the Department of Health and Human Services and managing editor of the 1988 Surgeon General's Report on Nutrition and Health. She has been a member of the FDA Food Advisory Committee and Science Board, the USDA/DHHS Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, and American Cancer Society committees that issue dietary guidelines for cancer prevention. She is also the author of Eat Drink Vote: An Illustrated Guide to Food Politics (Rodale, 2013), Why Calories Count: From Science to Politics (Berkeley, 2012), Safe Food: The Politics of Food Safety (Berkeley, 2010), Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health (Berkeley, 2007), which won awards from the Association for American Publishers and the James Beard Foundation; and What to Eat (North Point, 2006), which was named one of Amazon's top ten books of 2006. You can read her blog at www.foodpolitics.com.
Most helpful customer reviews
24 of 28 people found the following review helpful.
The other cola wars
By David Wineberg
From the woman who told The New Yorker: “The best thing Pepsi could do for worldwide obesity would be to go out of business.” comes the ultimate, complete explanation of why sodas and the firms behind them are bad, who is doing what about it, and how you can help move it all along. Marion Nestle has long been the rational, thorough and fair rapporteur of food crime. Soda Politics is a standalone compendium of her personal knowledge and direct and indirect experience in the battle to corral it.
As with tobacco, soda makers know to start ‘em young. Kids meals come with sodas by default. A child’s portion is 12 ounces –their new normal. Big Soda has been paying schools a pittance for “exclusive pouring rights”, plastering the campuses of even elementary schools with dispensing machines, posters and signs – not just for their drinks, but for their even more unhealthy snack foods. It’s the kids’ normal environment. For this, the school gets $2 per child. $4 for highschoolers. Nestle calls this an unprecedented attack on schools. Interestingly, kids who aren’t allowed sodas at school don’t then go home and guzzle them to make up the deficit. They can live without, and if we could simply substitute the default drink, everything would improve.
Despite the “voluminous, consistent and compelling research”, Big Soda maintains there is no direct link to all the new obesity and diabetes we see here, and in every nation they invade. In the USA, the amount of sugar they sell works out to 13 teaspoons for every man woman and child – per day. But then, some theaters sell a 44 ounce “medium”.
The soda companies recognize that health advocacy has become the single biggest threat to profits. And that the Big Tobacco playbook is not enough. So while they still claim soda is beneficial and limiting it will have no effect on obesity, they are also busy weaving themselves into the landscape, donating money to all kinds of nonprofits, paying off scientists and politicians, and ensuring that pretty much anyone who might bring harm to their bottom line has been the recipient of their largesse at some point. For example, Nestle says the president of the 16th World Congress of Food Science and Technology cancelled a debate on the causes of childhood obesity explicitly because it might drive away food company sponsors. It’s that overt. It’s that saturated.
Big Soda also enjoys some success from all the pop-up (fake) grassroots groups they set up wherever anyone tries to rein them in. Soda is, they claim “capitalism in a bottle” and no blow is too low to shame it. So they pay locals to march in protest over proposed sales taxes, or portion caps. They create websites and petitions allegedly from locals who would grieve over such horrors.
I particularly appreciate Nestle’s “translation” of corporatespeak in the many lists of goals, activities, and principles the companies espouse publicly, seemingly daily. She dismisses “Corporate Social Responsibility” as a self evident conflict. If our aims were aligned, it would be automatic. That it is such big deal shows the inherent conflict between their goals and society’s needs.
In some ways, Soda Politics reminds me of the Opium Wars, in which the huge multinationals of the day forced the Chinese to buy and consume Indian opium. They got the British government to fund whole wars to make them take it. Today, Big Soda spends millions fighting any hint of a sales tax, bottle deposit, cap on serving sizes, advertising to children, the default drink with a fast food meal or any effort to impose healthy logic. Their strategy has been to get everyone to consume more every day (“share of stomach”), and nothing and no one can be allowed to stand in their way.
The good news is that people recognize the nonsense. Soda is in a long term decline in the USA. More and more groups, towns and states are leaning towards regulation and taxation. Soda Politics collects the successes and the failures to help anyone wanting to carry the torch in their own community. It’s all presented sensibly, rationally and usefully in this one valuable, usable volume.
David Wineberg
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
A must for those interested in public health issues
By Mark H. Pendergrast
Marion Nestle has written a well-researched, fact-packed assessment of how soft drinks and the companies that make them have impacted our health, mostly through the obesity epidemic, which results in many life-threatening diseases, most notably type-2 diabetes. Whether the sweeteners in them come from cane sugar or high-fructose corn syrup, sugary soft drinks provide far too many empty calories for those who over-consume them.
No one, including Nestle, is arguing that moderate consumption is bad for you. But that isn’t the point.
You may not agree with all of her conclusions, but if you are interested in issues of public health, you owe it to yourself to read this book. Note that I am the author of the history of Coca-Cola (FOR GOD, COUNTRY AND COCA-COLA) as well as a book about disease detectives and public health (INSIDE THE OUTBREAKS), so I know something about these issues. The soft drink companies offer alternative low-calorie drinks, and they make a point of supporting laudatory exercise programs. Good. But they continue to advertise and lobby (often using front groups) for ever-greater consumption of sugar-laden beverages and to fight against taxes or regulations on them.
11 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent
By Autamme_dot_com
Will drinking a glass of cold, sparkling soda be soon the equivalent of smoking: you are a social pariah in the eyes of many, whilst providing a source of income for the producer and taxing government alike? You might not be able to draw a direct comparison since you are less likely to be hooked with an occasional glass of Coca-Cola, yet becoming a regular “hooked” consumer can have its side effects. There’s a whole world of soda politics that you possibly had never imagined.
This is an interesting book that looks, without recourse to hysteria or hyperbole, at the world of soda drinks, the role they play in our society and their real downside as these products contribute to poor dental hygiene, higher calorie intake, obesity and type-2 diabetes. Clearly a glass won’t harm you, but several glasses a day or more?
The author takes a forensic look at how the soda drinks industry works to get us hooked. Advertising is heavily used to make drinking soda seem normal, as normal as drinking a glass of milk or water. Would your football stadium hot dog be the same with a glass of water? What about a visit to the cinema, if you took milk with your over-priced popcorn? Carrot juice to accompany your hamburger at a fast-food joint?
Even after any health issues that can follow there is a dark side. Why would the soda drinks industry be pumping large amounts of money to lobby against changes that could impact on their bottom line? They may shout loudly about their ethical policies and corporate social responsibility, whilst shovelling money at lobbyists to head off initiatives that might stop their products being marketed towards the most vulnerable (children) in places where they gather such as schools or cinemas.
The author carefully comes out with her arguments. It is not a quick “all soda is bad” rant. Measured change is possible. Nobody is suggesting that all sodas should be banned, yet they are relatively cheap to produce and sold at a high profit. Alternative formulations and ingredients could be used to offer a more healthy soda, ideal for consumption in moderation, but that costs; both in terms of direct profit and potential sales. No wonder there’s a lack of demand to change things?
There is change but it does not come from “Big Soda”. The author notes, talking about public advocacy and campaigning: “…sodas are, in public health jargon, ‘low hanging fruit’ – easy targets. They contain sugars but nothing else of redeeming nutritional value. This explains in part why sodas are an example of successful advocacy. Soda consumption is falling. Americans are not buying Coke and Pepsi the way they used to, and are only partially replacing them with other sugary drinks. This did not happen accidentally. As any soda company executive will tell you, health advocacy has become the single greatest threat to company profits.” Yet this is not being replicated worldwide and the pace of change is slow. Maybe a wise company would seize this tidal wave and change course whilst it can. Corporate intransigency, on the other hand…
Think what you pay for your soda, take a typical 12 ounce serving (circa 330ml for those who use metric). The author mentions how a drink is made and the role ice has, before giving some stunning figures: “Ice performs four critical functions: it chills the drink, improves the taste, dilutes the ingredients, and reduces the retailer’s cost. If you pack ice to the brim, less than half the volume of your drink comes from the soda mix. Once ice is added, these ingredients are so diluted that the final cost of fountain drinks to the seller – including the cup, lid, and straw – comes to just over one cent per ounce. This explains why many places are so generous with free refills. Even though refills usually have less ice than the initial drink and end up costing the seller more, they are still highly profitable. Convenience stores, restaurants, sports facilities, and movie theatres make so much money on fountain sodas that they can well be generous: a typical return is more than 80 cents on the dollar.”
It can get worse, notes the author: “The larger the soda, the more sugar and calories it contains even if diluted with ice. But larger sizes do more than that. First, they encourage greater consumption. Researchers find people to consume more from large containers than small ones, even when they leave some behind. Second, large portions are confusing. People given larger servings tend to underestimate how much they are eating to a much greater extent than when given smaller portions. Smaller sugary drinks are healthier for three reasons: they provide less sugar and fewer calories. They discourage excessive intake. And they promote more realistic estimates of the amounts consumed.”
This reviewer likes a soda as must as the next person and even though you know the calorie count and have read the nutritional differences between a regular and light product it can be hard to change. Seeing the size of some of the drinks containers on sale at cinemas leads you to boggle. Sometimes one even struggles to finish the regular drink at a hamburger restaurant and who wants to take a few mouthfuls home; the obvious solution is to leave it, yet how many take the common route of “finishing it off” with a few gulps… tick, tick, tick goes the calorie counter…
One cannot add much more. There are two sides to every argument and the author notes this, witness the mass of reading notes, bibliography and deep index. If you really disbelieve a point, the author openly shows where she got the information from and you can follow the chain back and review matters.
For this reader, at least, it was fascinating, essential reading. Maybe it won’t change his limited soda intake but it sure won’t expand it!
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